Septoplasty
Septoplasty is a process used to surgically straighten the bone and cartilage, dividing the space between the septum(nostrils). The crooked septum is known as a deviated septum. Ideally, the septum should run down the center of the nose. One can have a deviated septum by birth, but sometimes an injury or accident may also cause it. People with a deviated septum have different sizes of nasal passages as well; mostly, one is smaller than the other, which can cause difficulty breathing. Frequent nosebleeds and facial pains are some of the most common symptoms of a deviated septum. Surgery is the last resort to treat a deviated septum.
Fess
FESS stands for Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery. The first instance of the surgery began in the 1990s. Since then, the surgery has been effective in removing sinus polyps and other types of nose abnormalities that cause difficulty in breathing problems, including chronic sinusitis. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery is a minimally invasive technique in which the use of nasal endoscopes is done to enlarge the nasal drainage pathways of the paranasal sinuses to enhance sinus ventilation and allow access to topical medications. People with recurrent, acute, or chronic infective sinusitis are the most suitable candidates for this surgery, and people have shown improvement in the symptoms of up to 90 percent. Fiberoptic telescopes are used to identify the disease during the procedure, and computed tomography is used to assess the anatomy and diagnose the diseased areas. For patients whose medical treatment has failed should only go for functional endoscopic sinus surgery. General or local anesthesia can be used for the procedure on an outpatient basis, and patients usually experience mild discomfort. The complication rate of this process is relatively lower than that of the conventional sinus surgery
Nasal Polypectomy
Nasal polypectomy is a surgical procedure to remove polyps located in the nasal passages. Nasal polyps are the lining of your nasal passages or sinuses, which are painless, soft, and non-cancerous. The leading causes are chronic inflammation due to various reasons like infection, drug sensitivity, allergies, or immune disorders. Runny nose, stuffiness, or post-nasal drip are the most common symptoms one can see. Sometimes one may not experience any of the listed symptoms. Corticosteroids, regular medication, or surgery work well in treating this condition. They hang down like teardrops or grapes. Groups of nasal polyps and large growths may block your nasal passages and lead to breathing problems, a lost sense of smell, and frequent infections. Nasal polyps are more common in adults but can affect any age group. Regular medications often help shrink or eliminate nasal polyps, but surgery might be needed in various cases to remove them.
Rhinoplasty
Rhinoplasty, commonly known as a nose job, is a surgery done to change the shape of the nose. It may be done to polish the appearance of the nose and to improve the breathing process. The upper portion of the structure of the nose is bone, and the lower part is cartilage. Two types of plastic surgery are performed- reconstructive surgery, which restores the form and functions of the nose, and cosmetic surgery which changes the appearance of the nose.
CSF Leak Repair
In Endoscopic Nasal CSF leak repair, the surgeon will work through the nostrils’ insides with a nasal endoscope. The surgeon opens the sinus so that the hole causing the leak can be spotted, and after finding it, a patch can be placed to seal the leak. Cerebrospinal fluid leaks (CSF) result from abnormal communication between the subarachnoid space and the extracranial space. Approximately 90% of CSF leak at the anterior skull base turns into rhinorrhea and can become life-threatening. Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) has become a standard otolaryngologist procedure.
Endoscopic Pituitary Surgery
To remove tumors from the pituitary gland and skull base, Endoscopic surgery is performed through the nose. The surgeon works through the nostrils with a small endoscope camera and lights to remove the instruments’ tumors. Pituitary tumors can cause loss of vision and hormonal problems. The removal of cancer often restores the average hormonal balance and reverses vision problems. Transsphenoidal literally means “through the sphenoid sinus.” It is a surgery performed through the sphenoid sinus and nose to remove pituitary tumors. Transsphenoidal surgery can be achieved with an endoscope and microscope. It is often a team effort between neurosurgeons and ear, nose, and throat (ENT) surgeons.
Anterior Skull Base Surgeries
Anterior skull base surgery works on the principle of providing adequate exposure to enable three-dimensional resection of skull base tumors. The standard of care for malignant anterior skull base tumors is open skull-based approaches. Benign lesions may be resected by alternate minimally invasive approaches. Anterior cranial base surgery is undergoing a revolution in minimally invasive techniques. The directions to treat it, the microscopic and the transnasal endoscopic, have gained quite a lot of attention in the past few years. The advantage of endoscopic surgery over conventional surgery is that we don’t need to open the skull bone (craniotomy).
Facial Bone Surgeries
For people who desire a better face shape, facial bone surgery is what they need. It is a cosmetic procedure that changes the existing form of the face by altering the underlying bone. According to Reuters, it is becoming quite common, especially in East Asia. The face has a complex bone structure. The facial skeleton consists of the following:
- Frontal bone- The forehead
- Zygomas- The cheekbones
- Orbital bone- The eye sockets
- Nasal bones
- Maxillary bones- The upper jaw
- Mandible-The lower jaw
Some bones are found deeper within the facial structure. The muscles required for chewing, swallowing, and talking are attached to these deeply seated bones.
A broken nose or Nasal fractures are the most common to occur. Fractures to other facial bones can also occur. Sometimes you might only have one fracture, and at times you might have several broken bones. Multiple fractures are more likely to occur during a high-impact accident or a motor vehicle accident. Generally, fractures are treated by resetting the broken bones without surgery, called a closed reduction. If the damage is serious, an open reduction process is performed in which an incision is made to reposition the fractured bones. You will need reconstructive surgery for a complicated fracture with multiple broken bones. The type of treatment for facial injuries depends on the location and extent of the damage. The aim of therapy is to restore the normal appearance and rejuvenate the function of the affected areas. Life-threatening conditions, such as blockage of the airways, cardiovascular problems, or brain or nervous system injuries, should be treated immediately.
